1.瀑布图
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.ticker import FuncFormatter
#Use python 2.7+ syntax to format currency
def money(x, pos):
'The two args are the value and tick position'
return "${:,.0f}".format(x)
formatter = FuncFormatter(money)
#Data to plot. Do not include a total, it will be calculated
index = ['sales','returns','credit fees','rebates','late charges','shipping']
data = {'amount': [350000,-30000,-7500,-25000,95000,-7000]}
#Store data and create a blank series to use for the waterfall
trans = pd.DataFrame(data=data,index=index)
blank = trans.amount.cumsum().shift(1).fillna(0)
#Get the net total number for the final element in the waterfall
total = trans.sum().amount
trans.loc["net"]= total
blank.loc["net"] = total
#The steps graphically show the levels as well as used for label placement
step = blank.reset_index(drop=True).repeat(3).shift(-1)
step[1::3] = np.nan
#When plotting the last element, we want to show the full bar,
#Set the blank to 0
blank.loc["net"] = 0
#Plot and label
my_plot = trans.plot(kind='bar', stacked=True, bottom=blank,legend=None, figsize=(10, 5), title="2014 Sales Waterfall")
my_plot.plot(step.index, step.values,'k')
my_plot.set_xlabel("Transaction Types")
#Format the axis for dollars
my_plot.yaxis.set_major_formatter(formatter)
#Get the y-axis position for the labels
y_height = trans.amount.cumsum().shift(1).fillna(0)
#Get an offset so labels don't sit right on top of the bar
max = trans.max()
neg_offset = max / 25
pos_offset = max / 50
plot_offset = int(max / 15)
#Start label loop
loop = 0
for index, row in trans.iterrows():
# For the last item in the list, we don't want to double count
if row['amount'] == total:
y = y_height[loop]
else:
y = y_height[loop] + row['amount']
# Determine if we want a neg or pos offset
if row['amount'] > 0:
y += pos_offset
else:
y -= neg_offset
my_plot.annotate("{:,.0f}".format(row['amount']),(loop,y),ha="center")
loop+=1
#Scale up the y axis so there is room for the labels
my_plot.set_ylim(0,blank.max()+int(plot_offset))
#Rotate the labels
my_plot.set_xticklabels(trans.index,rotation=0)
my_plot.get_figure().savefig("waterfall.png",dpi=200,bbox_inches='tight')
2.折线图
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.arange(5)
y = np.random.randn(5)*2
plt.plot(x,y)
3.散点图
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.arange(5)
y = np.random.randn(5)*2
plt.plot(x,y,'o')
4.直方图
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
data = np.random.normal(1,10,1000)
plt.hist(data)
5.饼图
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = ['a','b','c']
y = [100,200,300]
explode = (0.05,0,0)
plt.pie(y,explode=explode)
6.柱形图
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x= np.arange(0,20,5)
plt.bar(range(len(x)),x)
7.雷达图
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
labels = np.array(['艺术A','调研I','实际R','常规C','企业E','社会S'])
#数据个数
dataLenth = 6
#数据
data = np.array([1,4,3,6,4,8])
angles = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, dataLenth, endpoint=False)
data = np.concatenate((data, [data[0]]))
angles = np.concatenate((angles, [angles[0]]))
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, polar=True)# polar参数！！
ax.plot(angles, data, 'bo-', linewidth=2)# 画线
ax.fill(angles, data, facecolor='r', alpha=0.25)# 填充
ax.set_thetagrids(angles * 180/np.pi, labels, fontproperties="SimHei")
ax.set_title("matplotlib雷达图", va='bottom', fontproperties="SimHei")
ax.set_rlim(0,10)
ax.grid(True)
8.箱型图
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
np.random.seed(2) #设置随机种子
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(5,4),
columns=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'])#先生成0-1之间的5*4维度数据，再装入4列DataFrame中
df.boxplot() #也可用plot.box()
plt.show()
9.曲面图
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
X = np.arange(-4, 4, 0.25)
Y = np.arange(-4, 4, 0.25)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
R = np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2)
Z = np.sin(R)
# 具体函数方法可用 help(function) 查看，如：help(ax.plot_surface)
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap='rainbow')
plt.show()
